Academic Burnout among College Students during Hybrid Learning
Abstract:
The emergence of the COVID-19 dilemma caused universities to implement a range of solutions to offset the pandemic's educational impact, resulting in the development of hybrid learning, which combines in-person and online learning. Whereas burnout is commonly thought to only occur in workplaces but is also experienced by students during learning, particularly when students must simultaneously adapt to both face-to-face and online environments. Academic burnout is defined as a state of physical, mental, and emotional weariness caused by prolonged or recurring stress at school. With this study, the researchers aim to shed light on the factors of Academic Burnout during Hybrid learning of the University of Saint Louis- Tuguegarao College students. This study utilizes a quantitative type of research employing a descriptive-correlational research design in determining the Factors of Academic Burnout during Hybrid Learning. There were 350 respondents in the study selected through a stratified random sampling technique. An adapted questionnaire was used to gather relevant data, and utilized statistical tools such as mean and chi-square were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that college students frequently experience academic burnout, scoring the highest on the dimension of emotional exhaustion. The findings of this study also show that female students when compared to their male counterparts, have higher level of emotional exhaustion. So, students from the School of Accountancy, Business and Hospitality when compared to other departments. Additionally, older students, specifically the age group of 24-26 years old, fourth-year students, and students with units below 10 scored the highest in cynicism. Moreover, students from the School of Health and Allied Sciences department have the highest level of academic efficacy compared to other departments.
KeyWords:
Academic Burnout, Hybrid Learning, Emotional Exhaustion, Cynicism, Academic Efficacy
References:
Abreu Alves, S., Sinval, J., Lucas Neto, L. et al. Burnout and dropout intention in medical students: the protective role of academic engagement. BMC Med Educ 22, 83 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03094-9
Aguayo, R., Cañadas, G. R., Assbaa-Kaddouri, L., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., Ramírez-Baena, L., & Ortega-Campos,
E. (2019). A Risk Profile of Sociodemographic Factors in the Onset of Academic Burnout Syndrome in a Sample of University Students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(5), 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050707
Ahmed, H., & Uddin, M. (2019). Burnout Among Business Students and Its Impact On Academic Performance.ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344946061_Burnout_Among_Business_Students_ and_Its_Impact_On_Academic_Performance
Almalki, S. A., Almojali, A. I., Alothman, A. S., Masuadi, E. M., & Alaqeel, M. K. (2017). Burnout and its association with extracurricular activities among medical students in Saudi Arabia. International journal of medical education, 8, 144. doi: 10.5116/ijme.58e3.ca8a
Asikainen, H., Nieminen, J. H., Häsä, J., & Katajavuori, N. (2022). University students’ interest and burnout profiles and their relation to approaches to learning and achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 93, 102105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102105
Atalayin C, Balkis M, Tezel H, Onal B, Kayrak G. The prevalence and consequences of burnout on a group of preclinical dental students. Eur J Dent. 2015 Jul-Sep;9(3):356-363. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.163227. PMID: 26430363; PMCID: PMC4569986.
Bonafé, F., Campos, J., & Maroco, J. (2014). Predictors of Burnout Syndrome in Dentistry Students. In Psychology, Community & Health (Vols. 3, Issues 3, pp. 120–130). https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2268
Boni, R., Fregnani, J., Lucchetti, G., Oliveira, M., Paiva, C., & Paiva, S., (2018). Burnout among medical students during the first years of undergraduate school: Prevalence and associated factors. PloS one, 13(3), e0191746. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191746
Carson, K. D., Carson, P. P., & Birkenmeier, B. J. (2016). Measuring emotional intelligence: Development and validation of an instrument. Journal of Behavioral and applied Management, 2(1).
Chunming, W.M., Harrison, R., MacIntyre, R. et al. Burnout in medical students: a systematic review of experiences in Chinese medical schools. BMC Med Educ 17, 217 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1064-3
Demirören, M., Turan, S., & Öztuna, D. (2016). Medical students’ self-efficacy in problem-based learning and its relationship with self-regulated learning. Medical Education Online, 21(1), 30049. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.30049
Felaza, E., Findyartini, A., Mustika, R. & Setyorini, D. (2020). How Motivation Correlates with Academic Burnout: Study Conducted in Undergraduate Medical Students. Education in Medicine Journal, 12(1). DOI:10.21315/eimj2020.12.1.5
Fiorilli, C., Barni, D., Russo, C. C., Marchetti, V. a. R., Angelini, G., & Romano, L. (2022). Students’ Burnout at University: The Role of Gender and Worker Status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811341
Gabola P, Meylan N, Hascoët M, De Stasio S, Fiorilli C. Adolescents' School Burnout: A Comparative Study between Italy and Switzerland. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2021 Aug 11;11(3):849-859. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe11030062. PMID: 34563075; PMCID: PMC8544231
Idrizi, E., & Vladimir, S. (2022). Hybrid Learning -the new normal. Ilic I, Ilic M. Burnout Syndrome and Associated Sociodemographic Factors in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 2021; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECCM-10869
Jagodics, B., & Szabó, É. (2022). Student Burnout in Higher Education: A Demand-Resource Model Approach. Trends in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00137-4
Kachel, T., Huber, A., Strecker, C., Höge, T., & Höfer, S. (2020). Development of cynicism in medical students: exploring the role of signature character strengths and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 328.
Kajjimu, J., Kaggwa, M. M., & Bongomin, F. (2021). Burnout and Associated Factors Among Medical Students in a Public University in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, Volume 12, 63–75. https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s287928
Ketonen, E. E., Haarala-Muhonen, A., Hirsto, L., Hänninen, J., Wähälä, K., & Lonka, K. (2016). Am I in the right place? Academic engagement and study success during the first years at university. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 141- 148.
Kintu, M. J., Zhu, C., & Kagambe, E. (2017). Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4
Kochuchakkalackal Kuriala, G. (2021). Acculturation Stress, Covid-19 Outbreak, and Academic Burnout on the Psychological Well-being of Asian Students. Journal of Research Initiatives, 5(3), 15. https://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/jri/vol5/iss3/15
Lee, M., Lee, K.J., Lee, S.M., & Cho, S.H. (2020). From Emotional Exhaustion to Cynicism in Academic Burnout among Korean Highschool Students: Focusing on the Mediation Effects of Hatred of Academic Work. Stress and health: journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2936
Li Ling, Shen Qin, Li-fang Shen. (2014). An investigation about learning burnout in medical college students and its influencing factors. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 117-120. ISSN 2352-0132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2014.02.005
Liu H, Yansane AI, Zhang Y, Fu H, Hong N, Kalenderian E. Burnout, and study engagement among medical students at Sun Yat-sen University, China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Apr;97(15): e0326. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010326. PMID: 29642167; PMCID: PMC5908607.
Liu, Y., & Cao, Z. (2022). The impact of social support and stress on academic burnout among medical students in online learning: The mediating role of resilience. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.938132
Ljubin-Golub, T.&Rijavec, M. (2019). Academic flow and burnout in college students: An eight-month longitudinal study.
The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences EpSBS, 72, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.11.2
Makhachashvili, R.& Semenist, I. (2021). Student satisfaction with digital hybrid learning in European and oriental languages programs: survey study of regional universities of Ukraine. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference E-society (pp. 133-143).
Miltojević, V., IlićKrstić, I., &Orlić, A. (2022). Burnout Among Students of Technical Faculties in Serbia – A Case Study. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE), 10(2), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2022-10-2-219-229
Muaddi, M. A., El-Setouhy, M., Alharbi, A. A., Makeen, A. M., Adawi, E. A., Gohal, G., & Alqassim, A. Y. (2023). Assessment of Medical Students Burnout during COVID-19 Pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(4), 3560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043560
Obregon, M., Luo, J., Shelton, J. et al. (2020). Assessment of burnout in medical students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey: a cross-sectional data analysis. BMC Med Educ 20, 376. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020- 02274-3
Oyoo, S., Mwaura, P., Kinai, T., & Mutua, J. (2020). Academic burnout and academic achievement among secondary school students in Kenya. Education Research International, 2020.; New York Vol. 2020, DOI:10.1155/2020/5347828
Pala, A. (2012). The burnout level among faculty of education students at Celal Bayar University. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 1766-1774.
Paro, H. B., Silveira, P. S., Perotta, B., Gannam, S., Enns, S. C., Giaxa, R. R., Bonito, R. F., Martins, M. A., & Tempski,
P. Z. (2014). Empathy among medical students: is there a relation with quality of life and burnout? PloS one, 9(4), e94133. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094133
Rahmatpour, P., Chehrzad, M., Ghanbari, A., & Sadat-Ebrahimi, S. R. (2019). Academic burnout as an educational complication and promotion barrier among undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_165_19
Rohmani, N., & Andriani, R. (2021). Correlation between academic self-efficacy and burnout originating from distance learning among nursing students in Indonesia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18, 9. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.9
Sanpanich, N. (2021). Investigating Factors Affecting Students' Attitudes toward Hybrid Learning. REFLections, 28(2), 208-227. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/reflections/article/view/253093
Shimkovich, E., Makhmutova, G., Ivanova, D., & Urunova, R. (2022). Advantages and Disadvantages of Hybrid Learning for International Students. ARPHA Proceedings, 5, 1533-1544. https://doi.org/10.3897/ap.5.e1533
Velasco, J. C. (2019). Millennials in the University: An Inquiry on Burnout among Filipino University Students. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(2).
Widlund, A., Tuominen, H., & Korhonen, J. (2021). Development of school engagement and burnout across lower and upper secondary education: Trajectory profiles and educational outcomes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 66, 101997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101997
Ye, Y., Huang, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). Social Support and Academic Burnout Among University Students: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychology research and behavior management, 14, 335–344. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S300797
Zitter, I., &Hoeve, A. (2012). Hybrid Learning Environments: Merging Learning and Work Processes to Facilitate Knowledge Integration and Transitions. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 81. OECD Publishing (NJ1). https://doi.org/10.1787/19939019