Current Science Research Bulletin

Leaf and stem of Jacquemontia paniculata (Convolvulaceae) were extracted by maceration extraction method using ethanol, acetone and water solvents. The average percentage yield of the leaf part in ethanol (2.86%), acetone (2.37%), and aqueous (1.18%) extracts using gravimetric method were higher compared with stem extracts using the same solvents. Using the t-test there was a significant difference on the percentage extractive yield between the stem and leaf in the aqueous solution. Although aqueous extracts are commonly used traditionally, assays of ethanol extract in the leaf part achieved best yield compared to other solvents. Furthermore, assessment of the phytochemical profile of the leaf and stem extracts (ethanol, acetone and aqueous) of J. paniculata was determined in the study. Qualitative tests for tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars were conducted. Overall, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars were found to be present in higher abundance in most of the leaf extracts regardless of the solvents used. These are also present in stem but in moderate to trace amount. Flavonoids in leaf extracts were present in the Ferric Chloride and Lead Acetate Tests but absent in the Alkaline Reagent Test. Steroids are present in stem regardless of the solvent used but absent in the leaf part. Both in leaf and stem extracts, alkaloids are absent. The presence of bioactive compounds in the leaf and stem of this plant is an indication of their many possible therapeutic uses. Present findings were preliminary and further investigation is needed to determine the pharmacological applications, antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity test and structural elucidation of functional groups present from the isolate of the plant.

Aqueous Extract, Bioactive Compounds, Ethanol Extract, Jacquemontia Paniculata, Maceration Extraction, Phytochemical Screening, Therapeutic Potential.

1. Anwar, F., Kalsoom, U., Sultana, B., Mushtaq, M.,Mehmood, T., Arshad, H.A. Effect of drying method and extraction solvent on the total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceaL.) extracts.International Food Research Journal. 2013, 20(2): 653-659.
2. Baang RP, Del Rosario RM, Palmes ND. 2015. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of selected indigenous vegetables in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering 9(8), 865-870. 
3. Clemeña and Galarpe, 2017. Phytochemical profile of bark and leaf extracts of Jacquemontia paniculata (Convolvulaceae).
4. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018
5. Farnsworth, Nand Fabricant, D. The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery. March 2001.Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.Environmental Health Perspectives.Volume109, Supplement 1.
6. Harbone JB. 1998. Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed. London: Chapman and Hill p. 279. 
7. Hewson MG. 1998. Traditional healers in Southern Africa. Annals of Internal Medicine 128, 1029-1034. 
8. Gupta, Vivek Kumar and Sharma, Surendra Kumar. Plants as natural antioxidants. Review article. Natural Product Radiance. 2006,Vol. 5(4), pp. 326-334.
9. Gupta,K., Naraniwal, M. and Kothari., V. Modern extraction methods for preparation of bioactive Plant extracts. Aug. 2012,International journal of applied and Natural sciences (ijans) Vol.1, issue 1 8-26.
10. Jayachitra, A., Krithiga, N. Study on antioxidant property in selected medicinal plant extracts.Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. September 2012, ISSN 2249 – 4340, Vol.2, No. 3, pp 495 – 500.
11. Lawrence GHM. 1951. Taxonomy of vascular plants. McMillan, New York U.S.A. 
12. Licayan RI, Del Rosario RM, Palmes ND, Canencia OP. 2016. Phytochemical Profiles, Total Flavonoids, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities Via Free Radical Scavenging Activities (FRSA) of Philippine Herbal Vines. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 15(2), 164. 
13. Medicinal Plants in South Africa—A Case Study in KwaZulu-Natal. FAO–Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome Italy. 
14. Nduagu C, Ekefan EJ, Nwankiti AO. 2008. Effect of some crude plant extracts on growth of Colletotrichum capsici (Synd) Butler & Bisby, causal agent of pepper anthracnose. Journal of Applied Biosciences 6(2), 184-190. 
15. Okwu DE. 2004. Phytochemicals and vitamin content of indigenous spices of South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 6(1), 30-37. 
16. Olinan MSR. 2010. Antimicrobial, Toxicity and Phytochemical Screening from the Bark of Jacquemontia Paniculata (himag). Undergraduate Thesis, Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Cagayan de Oro City. 
17. Palmes ND, Del Rosario RM. 2012. Antioxidative capacities of phytochemicals in selected fruit peels. Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology 10(1), 1-1. 
18. Peteros NP, Uy MM. 2010. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and phytochemical screening of four Philippine medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(5), 407-414. 
19. Penecilla GL, Magno CP. 2011. Antibacterial activity of extracts of twelve common medicinal plants from the Philippines. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(16), 3975-3981. 
20. Rara PVC. 2012. Radical Scavenging Activity, Phytochemical Identification and Total Phenolic Determination OfThe Plant Jacquemontia paniculata (Himag). Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Cagayan de Oro City. 
21. Qader, S.W., Abdulla, M.A., Chua, L.S., Najim, N., Zain, M.M. and Hamdan,S.Antioxidant, Total Phenolic Content and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Selected Malaysian Plants. Molecules.2011, 16, 3433-3443; doi:10.3390/molecules16043433.
22. Sharififar F, Dehghn-Nudeh G, Mirtajaldini M. 2009. Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chemistry 112(4), 885-888. 
23. Sasidharan, S,Chen, Y., Saravanan,D., Sundram,K.M. and Latha, L.Y., Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive compounds from plants’s extract. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med.2011, v.8(1), PMC3218439. 
24. Srinivasan,K.K., Mathew,J.E.; Joseph, K.;Vachala,S.D.;Malini,S.Effect of ethanol extract of Graptophyllumpictum(L ) Griff. oncisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 2011,Vol. 57 No. 2.
25. Uy MM, Garcia KI. 2015. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the leaf extracts of Philippine medicinal plants Casuarina equisetifolia Linn, Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb) Hassk, Drymoglossumpiloselloides Linn, Ixora chinensis Lam, and Piper abbreviatumOpiz. Advances in Agriculture &Botanics 7(2). 
26. Uy MM, Villazorda MG. 2015. The antioxidant properties of the Philippine medicinal plants Cassia sophera Linn., Derris elliptica Benth, Ficus minahasseaTesym. and De Vr., Leea aculeata Blume and Leucosykecapitellata Wedd. Advances in Agriculture &Botanics 7(3).
27. Websites
28. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/15501/7/07_chapter%202.pdf/
29. http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/flavonoids.php
30. http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/saponins.php
31. https://sciencing.com/common-reducing-sugars-6193580.html